Technologies
Today in Engineer's World, we
are discussing a very important topic of .NET in very easy way. Posted By- +Manish Kumar Gautam +LIVE VIAR +ASP.NET SOLUTIONS
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- Just In Time (JIT)
How
CLR is Define?
CLR:
CLR is Common Language
Runtime. CLR is the execution engine that performs the task to convert the IL Code to the Machine Specific Code.
It works as a layer between
Operating Systems and the applications written in .NET languages that conforms
to the Common Language Specification (CLS). The main function of CLR is to
convert the Managed Code into native code
and then execute the program. The Managed Code compiled only when it needed,
that is it converts the appropriate instructions when each function is called. Just In Time (JIT) compilation
converts Intermediate Language (IL) to native code on demand at application run
time which is a part of it.
During the execution of the
program, CLR manages memory, thread execution, garbage collection, exception
handling, CTS, code safety, and other system
services. It defines the CTS as a standard type system used by all .NET
languages. That means all .NET programming languages uses the same representation
for common Data Types, so CLR is a language-independent runtime environment. The CLR environment is also referred to as
a managed environment, because during the execution of a program it also
controls the interaction with the Operating System.
What is the Complete Architectural Working of CLR?
Architecture:
 |
| Architecture of Common Language Run-time |
CLR is a part of
.Net Framework. You can read the complete working of .Net Framework in my previous Blog. However,
in this Blog we will concentrate only on the working of CLR. Go through Figure
1.
Now, what happen
when our source code is executed successfully by its language compiler, the assembly is loaded into
the CLR. CLR serve as an execution engine for the IL code whose responsibility
is to check the functioning of the code on the behalf of CLS and CTS. CLS
define set of rules which every .NET compliant languages must follow whereas CTS
uses the same representation for common Data Types. There are many
more components that reside within CLR like Garbage Collection, Memory
Management, Code Access Right, Type-Safety, Exception Handling, and many more
which we will talk about later in this blog. Now, when the requirements are
met. The CLR then transfer the managed code to JIT. JIT at run-time convert the
code into user machine specific code. And when we double click
on the IL Code the JIT convert it into machine which is actually getting
executed according to the client machine configuration.
What are the various components that go within CLR?
Components:
The Components
are listed as:
o
Code Execution: Code executions involve using the source code (in IL
format) and execute it according to the machine configuration.
o
Common Type System (CTS): CTS uses the
same representation for common Data Types.
o
Automatic Memory Management: Working on an application involves
creation of variables and continuously
storing them on heap memory. But doing this manually is not as easy task, as
easily we are saying. So, it is also taken care by CLR automatically.
o
JIT Compiler: JIT is a tool provided by the CLR which give a
way to the Source Code so that it can perform on the Machine efficiently.
o
Garbage Collector: It is used to free the memory space that it unknowingly
used by some object in heap memory. GC can
run manually as well as automatically.
 |
| Components of CLR |
o Security Manager: CLR implements a mechanism that operates on the concept granting permissions on the code's origin. Using
security manager, it's possible to limit the resources to access code.
o
Access to Metadata: When creating an application, you might want to make sure
that people could find out information. You can accomplish this task by adding
metadata to the any document type (for e.g. pdf or
word file).
o
Class Loader: For an application, CLR load the class that you create (or
base class library that you referred), prepare them for use, and then either
execute them or assist them to use either in their designed time use.
o
Exception Handling: Handling of exceptions that occur either at Compile-time
or Design-time. Including Cross-Language Exception.
o
Conversion of IL to Native Code
o
Verification of Type-Safety: Interpreting of the code at compile
time by the help of Intellisense. Type
safety also comes into picture when you assign one type of variable to another.
How
CLR is considered to be as an important organ of .NET Framework?
Advantages:
The Various Advantages are listed below:
o
High Performance Application: As you can see the components that CLR
provide is all justifying its high performance.
o
Vastly Simplified Document: All the application is integrated with
features like type-safe, data compatibility.
 |
| Advantages of CLR |
o
Seamless Integration of the Code Written in Various Languages: CLR gave us a component i.e.
CTS, which resolves the languages conflict and make the system Language
Interoperable.
o
Evidence-Based Security with Code Identity: It grants the creator of
original work exclusive rights to its use
and distribution.
o
Assembly-Based Deployment that eliminates DLL HELL
o
Side-By-Side Versioning of Reusable Components: By the involvement of CLR,
we can have multiple version of code execution at the same time.
o
Code Reuse through Implementation Inheritance: Inheriting of classes is not
possible till Component Object Model. But,
by the involvement of OOP, code reusing make task easy.
o
Automatic object management: GC provided by
CLR clean unused managed object and reclaims the memory.
For any query, comment us
below.
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